Analyzing Crime Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Crime Trends - Essay Example Lastly, the overall crime rate in Kent, Washington was 606.9 in 2005, and it systematically reduced to 518.8 in 2008 (Kent City Police Department n.p). It is evident from the data above that Rochester City, New York had the highest number of crime rate and Santa Clarita, California had the least number of crime rate. Additionally, there was a general reduction in crime rates for all the five cities. One of the key reasons for the reduction, in crime rates in these five cities, is the implementation of a more decentralized community policing strategy that is characterized by openness to try out new techniques of protecting the cities and statistical analysis (Boba-Santos 87). Additionally, most States have ensured that majority of hard core criminals and offenders have been prosecuted and placed in jail. Incarceration has ensured that majority of crime offenders have been placed out of streets thus the reduction in crime rate (Boba-Santos 91). Demographics have also contributed in reducing crime rates in these cities. Statistics indicates that young people commit criminal offense more than the elderly (Clark 67). Therefore, the State governments have created a number of social activities that target youths thus keeping them busy. This has also reduced crime rate drastically. Local policy in these cities has also improved surveillance (Siegel 104). Cameras are everywhere in the streets thus making it difficult to commit a crime (Clark 73). In summary, crime rates have reduced in the United States, and this is evident in the data provided for the five cities. This is particularly attributed to a the change of local policy in different cities and

Research Balfour Beatty plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Balfour Beatty plc - Essay Example In the year 2002,civil engineering accounted for almost 38%, building services 35,and rail engineering 27% of the total profits acquired by the organization. (Corporate Watch, 2006) Balfour Beatty, founded by George Balfour and Andrew Beatty, mechanical engineer and a charted accountant by professions respectively was initially into making streetcar lines. However, the world war –II brought the construction of streetcar lines to a halt and brought about a stalemate situation in the company. A landmark decision was taken at that point of time to expand into the civil construction arena. Balfour Beatty also played an instrumental role in the early 1920s in managing various power corporations across Great Britain into construction of a common â€Å"grid† in Britain. Balfour Beatty was acquired by BICC, a cabling company in the year 1969.Balfour Beatty was a subsidiary and accounted for more than half of BICC’s revenues. In 1999, BICC’s cabling operations were at a sagging low and the company decided to divest their cable operations. In the year 2000, BICC changed its name to Balfour Beatty plc.

Enrichment Issues in Animals: Andean Bear and Asian Elephant

Enrichment Issues in Animals: Andean Bear and Asian Elephant In this write-up the environmental enrichment issues of two species housed at the Belfast Zoological Gardens will be discussed. Environmental enrichment can be defined as the development of stimulating settings for animals within a zoo as a means for them to demonstrate species-typical behaviour such as exercising control or choice (Shepherdson, 1998). The two species in this piece being investigated are that of the Andean (spectacled) bear and the Asian elephant. Information on Environmental enrichment Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment techniques can divide into two broad categories; inanimate enrichment and animate enrichment. Inanimate enrichment includes subdivisions such as novel objects, exhibit design, visual, auditory and olfaction stimulation. Animate enrichment includes training, research and interactions with humans and other animals. The two broad categories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions from a species kept in captivity, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities rather than just being aesthetically pleasing. Nevertheless, it has been discussed that animal captivity has a negative effect on a species independent behavioural traits (Reference) and that environmental enrichment settings do not encourage the same behaviours as those found in the wild. Zoo habitats are more static in general compared to the wild as food, shelter, safety and medical care are all provided. Most problems which occur in captivity can be caused by a lack of stimulation and even the best kept zoos can have animals who suffer with psychological discontent (Jordan, 2005). Carlstead and Shepherdson, (1994) have suggested that prolonged exposure to an environment which has low levels of stimulation can cause an animal to become aggressive, lethargic and be slower to habituate in its new surroundings. Jordan (2005) has suggested that many animals can suffer from stress in captivity which can be shown in their behavioural responses such as pacing, regurgitation, excessive grooming and rocking. These types of behaviours are repetitive patterns and are referred to as stereotypic behaviours. Scientists have suggested that these repetitive behaviours may in some cases be an animals’ way of providing novelty to an environment lacking in stimulation. Asian Elephant -798 words Belfast Zoological Gardens currently houses ‘BLAH’ Asian elephants, who have an important role in the zoos conservation projects. The Asian elephant is a species located in Southeast Asian countries such as Sir Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam (References). It is smaller than its African cousin and considered an endangered species. In the Belfast Zoological Gardens, the staff members try to ensure the Asian elephants have a stimulating environment by adding novel items such as tyres and puzzle devices into the elephant’s enclosure. By the Belfast zoo having novel objects such as the tires, it encourages the Asian elephants to demonstrate species typical behaviours as the elephants have choice and control with objects thus providing active stimulation. Additionally Belfast zoo incorporates other enrichment amenities such as having mud and rubbing posts in varying sizes. However, it has been noted that enrichment amenities should be rotated such as logs, balls and tires as a means to sustain stimulation for the elephants . Asian elephants typically spend up to 16 hours per day foraging for food in the wild, eating herbs, leaves, bark, roots, fruits and flowers (Stoinski, et al. 2000). Elephants food diets in captivity tends to offer less variety than in the wild and by a zoo adding new food elements to their diet it can be considered a method of enrichment. At Belfast Zoological Gardens, keepers place food in trees, in food containing devices and in blocks of ice as a means to add stimulation for their Asian elephants. It has been suggested that more complex enrichment methods such as the food containing devices, can involve teamwork which allows the animals to demonstrate more species-typical behaviours. Desmond and Laule (1998) and Mellen and Sevenich (1999) have noted that when animals have been given a choice of their food, they would prefer to work for it rather than be presented with it. Therefore, training enrichment provides one of the most complex learning devices for species. Additionally, Be lfast Zoo spatially provides food which can be found in irregular locations. Research has suggested that the Asian elephant strongly relies on its sense of smell in contexts such as foraging for food (Santiapillai and Read, 2010) or in social communication (Langbauer, 2000; Rasmussen Krishnamurthy, 2000; Scott Rasmussen, 2005). Rasmussen (1999) and Langbauer, (2000) noted that the Asian elephant’s long-term stability is dependent on the effectiveness of its intraspecific communicational skills within its herd. The Belfast Zoological Gardens tries to ensure the species at their zoo such as the Asian elephant are in group sizes which they would be used to in the wild as a means to facilitate species-typical behaviours and communicational vocalisation. Visually the Belfast Zoo also places animals such as zebras and giraffes next to the elephant enclosure as they are often found near each other in the wild. It has been suggested that the visual stimuli of species can increase stimulation for the Asian elephant and have a calming effect on its behaviour . The shape and the size of an animal’s enclosure are equally important for creating a stimulating environment for a species. It has been suggested that an open area should have defined spaces such as pools and rock features as a means to create a sense of the enclosure being larger and aiding in stimulation for the Asian Elephant. The Belfast Zoo also tries to encourage species typical behaviour in their Asian elephants by providing exhibit designs which would be encountered in the wild, for example having trees, slopes, water found in a shallow pool and sandy terrains. It has been noted that bathing pools are common enrichment amenities found in zoos, as they provide the elephants a low-impact exercise as well as the species finding the water enjoyable. Blah (2009) suggested that captive elephants suffer at times life threating foot problems which could be the result of spending more time on hard surfaces than the variety of choices available to them in the wild. The Belfast Zoological Gardens provides its Asian elephants many levels of enrichment, including human related contact by keepers and through medical care. It has been suggested however, that a rotational exhibit design could be used as a means to increase stimulation, such as the one found at ‘Denver Zoo which has five distinct areas. The rotational design means that the species can awaken to a new enclosure adding to environmental enrichment. Additionally, the new enclosure will have housed a different species the day before thus the overlapping scents can also provide a level of enrichment especially for the Asian elephants which rely heavily on their senses. Andean (spectacled) bear Introductory of animal habits – sex, survival instincts, housing, learning, other animal interaction, habitats – this needs to be backed up with relevant research The difference between those found out in the wild and those found in captivity Is the exhibit design complex, provides various substrates and levels Training which occurs to build trust between the animal and keeper Olfactory: a keeper can introduce natural predator or prey scents, in addition to novel smells or pheromone scents. Auditory: taped sounds or vocalizations can simulate things that an animal may hear in the wild. Food related: this is the most widely used form of enrichment. Keepers can present food in a variety of ways such as in a simple puzzle feeder, hidden throughout the enclosure, scattered about the enclosure, or buried in a substrate. To get the food, the animal must use natural foraging behaviors and/or mentally solve the puzzle. Novel objects: various items placed in an animal’s enclosure allow the animal to mimic behaviors exhibited in the wild or could challenge them. These items could include burlap bags, sheets, boomer balls, chew toys, or a hammock. Research: Participation in a research projects offers mental stimulation. (i.e., foraging skills research with giant pandas, cognitive research with orang-utans) Differences found between the environments of the two species – which one provided better species-typical enrichment Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. Improvements which may need to occur for the animal to have a more productive lifespan Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. CONCLUSION – NOT WRITEN AS OF YET In conclusion the animals found in the Belfast zoological gardens did demonstrate some species typical behaviours due to the environmental enrichment techniques in place. Environmental Enrichment has often been described as a vital role to the daily care and integration of a species. The process of enrichment is dependent on the integration of subcategories, such as how the exhibit is designed, the auditory noises, the scents introduced, food relevance, novel objects, training and research of the animal. The subcategories of environmental enrichment are essential as a means to enhance naturalistic actions, for example, exhibit design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour (Reference) operant conditioning as a means for animals to engage in. design needs to provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s n atural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour. provide varying substrates and complexities found in the animal’s natural environment as a means to enhance the species-typical behaviour.

Free Hamlet Essays: Role of Women in Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet   Role of Women For many years in the past women played a small role socially, economically, and politically. As a result of this many works in literature were reflective of this diminutive role of women. In Elizabethan theatres small boys dressed and played the roles of women. In contrast to this trend, in Shakespeare's Hamlet the women in the play are driving factors for the actions of many other characters. Both Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and Ophelia, Hamlet's love, affected many of the decisions and actions done by Hamlet. Gertrude influenced Hamlet significantly throughout the course of the play. Hamlet was very angered by his mother's remarriage. A few months after his father's death, Gertrude married Claudius, Hamlet's uncle. He was driven mad when his father's ghost appeared to him and revealed that Claudius was responsible for the death of Old Hamlet. Hamlet even termed the marriage as incest. Hamlet's fury is displayed when he throws his mother on the bed and says, "Frailty, thy name is woman" (Act #. Scene #. Line #). This shows his extent of anger because he makes a generalization that all women are weak. As a result of his mother's actions, Hamlet strives to seek revenge against Claudius for the death of his father. In order to marry Gertrude, Claudius kills his brother. Therefore, Gertrude is the driving factor for the whole setup of the play. Another significant female character is Ophelia, Hamlet's love. Hamlet's quest for revenge interferes with his relationship with Ophelia. There is much evidence to show that Hamlet loved her a great deal, but his pretense of madness drove her to her death. Ophelia drowned not knowing what was happening to her. This can be deduced by the fact that she flowed down the river singing and happy when in truth she was heartbroken. Ophelia was very much afraid when she saw Hamlet "with his doublet all unbraced; No hat upon his head; his stockings foul'd, Ungarter'd, and down-gyved to his ancle" (Act #. Scene #. Line #). She described him as being "loosed out of hell" (Act #. Scene #. Line #). In addition to that he scared her when he left the room with his eyes still fixed on her. She is especially hurt when Hamlet tells her that he no longer loves her and that he is opposed to marriage. He advises her to go to a nunnery and avoid marriage if she can.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (a Govt. of India Enterprise)

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (A GOVT. OF INDIA ENTERPRISE) OFFICE OF THE C. G. M. T. AMBALA ***** RECRUITMENT OF TELECOM TECHNICAL ASSISTANT (TTA) for Haryana Telecom Circle Applications are invited from the eligible candidates for recruitment of 156 number of Telecom Technical Assistants by Haryana Telecom Circle for its various 09(Nine) Secondary Switching Areas (SSAs) as per details given below:Category wise Vacancies Physical Handicapped SC OBC Loco Hearing Name of SSA Total Vacancies AMBALA 46 25 09 11 Nil 01 KARNAL 17 12 01 04 Nil NilHISSAR 30 19 06 05 Nil Nil ROHTAK 20 11 04 05 Nil Nil FARIDABAD 05 04 Nil 01 Nil Nil JIND 06 04 01 Nil 01 Nil REWARI 09 04 02 03 Nil Nil GURGAON 12 08 Nil 04 Nil Nil SONEPAT 11 06 02 02 01 Nil Total 156 93 25 35 02 Address where application is to be submitted 01 OC AGM(Admn/HR)O/o GMTD Ambala AGM(Admn/HR)O/oSr. GMTD Karnal AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Hissar AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Rohtak AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Faridabad AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Jind AG M(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Rewari AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Gurgaon AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Sonepat Note:(1) 0% of the total vacancies will be reserved for Ex-servicemen. Candidates who have not been discharged prior to date of submission of application will not be treated as Ex-Serviceman and they should not apply under this category. (2) The number of vacancies is subject to change / revision. (3) There is no reservation for ST category in Haryana as per Central Government instructions. IDA Scale of Pay:- Telecom Technical Assistant shall be appointed in the IDA pay scale of Rs. 13600-25420 with annual increment @ 3% of basic pay + other allowances admissible as per Company rules.Jurisdiction: Normally selected candidates will be posted at the same SSA but under special circumstances they will be posted anywhere in Telecom Circle and anywhere in India under Territorial /Army Act 1948. Age limit:a) The applicant should be between 18 to 27 year of age as on last date of submission of applica tion. b) However, this age is relaxable for following categories of applications: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) For Schedule castes upto 5 years. For OBC candidates upto 3 years. For PH candidates upto 10years( 15 years for SC and 13 years for OBC) For departmental candidates up to 40 years in respect of General candidates. p to 45 years in respect of SC candidates in accordance with the instructions or orde rs issued by the Central Government. up to 43 years in respect of OBC candidates. For Residents of J&K :- Relaxation shall be in accordance with DoP&T O. M No. 15012/7/1991 -Estt(D) dated 06-12-2005 pertaining to â€Å"Residents of State of Jammu and Kashmir(Relaxation of Upper Age limit for Recruitment to Central Civil Services & Posts) Rules 1997†. (v) All Central / State Government /PSU Employees should send their applications through proper channel. Age relaxation for Ex-serviceman will be applicable as per Central Govt. Rules. The crucial date for determining the age limit sha ll be the closing date of applications (i. e ) 13. 05. 2013. Educational Qualification: – The Applicant must possess, as on the last date of Application, the educational qualifications in any of the following disciplines from a recognized Institute / University: (a) Three Years Engineering Diploma in :i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) Telecommunications Engineering Electronics Engineering Electrical Engineering Radio Engineering Computer Engineering Instrumentation/ Instrument Technology Information Technology (b) M. Sc(Electronics) from a recognized institution / University.Note:(a) (b) (c) Only such qualification and streams as prescribed above is allowed. There is no equivalence provided. Candidates possessing higher qualification in the eligible stream are allowed to appear in the examination. The candidate must have completed the requisite qualification by closing date of application i. e. their final results must have been declared before closing date of application and he/sh e should submit diploma / degree / provisional diploma / degree showing that he/she has completed the requisite qualification (alongwith total marks) by closing date of application.Appearing / those who have not passed all semester are not eligible. Results downloaded from Internet will not be accepted. Mode of Selection: By means of competitive examination to be held in accordance with syllabus and Programme as under. Exam will be held at SSA level and Merit list will be drawn by respective SSA. There shall be only One Paper of multiple choice objective type(OMR based) of three hours duration with the following details:- Part-I Part-II Part-III PART General Ability Test Basic Engineering Specialization MARKS 20 90 90 Day & Time 30-06-2013 (Sunday) 10. 00 AM to 01. 00 PM Note:(I)No bonus marks will be awarded for any higher qualifications or sports qualifications. (II) Candidates will have option to appear in paper either in Hindi or English language. Medical Fitness:The selected ca ndidates will be required to undergo a medical Test to ensure that they are physically fit and mentally alert to perform the duties expected of a TTA before sending them on TTA’s training. Period of Probation:- 2 years Concessions for SC Candidates:(a) Traveling Allowance to SC candidate: The applicants belonging to SC categories will be entitled to T. A as per provisions of Central Government.Filled up TA Form in the format attached. (b) Pre-recruitment training for SC Candidates:- Necessary Pre-Recruitment training for SC candidates will be conducted at CTTC Kurukshetra. Willing candidates may send their request alongwith application. Bond and Training:- All the candidates shall execute a bond in the form specified by the BSNL indicating their willingness to serve the BSNL for a period of Two years from the date of appointment as TTA. The selected candidates, before their appointment as TTA will have to successfully undergo prescribed training as per training plan laid down and amended by the BSNL from time to time.The appointment and posting will be subject to successful completion of training. During training period, the direct recruited TTAs will be entitled to a stipend of Rs. 4970/- plus IDA admissible thereon and allowances as amended by the BSNL from time to time. The seniority of the candidates will be decided on their post training marks. Service Liability: Normally within the territorial jurisdiction of Secondary Switching Area (SSA) but transferable anywhere in Haryana. Candidates if required are also liable to serve in the Territorial Army / Signal Unit in accordance with rules made there under.Registration in Employment Exchange:There is no restriction of residence or essential condition of registration with the Employment Exchange in the particular SSA in which the applicant may apply. It would, however, be preferable if the applicant has registration in the employment exchange of the SSA concerned in which the applicant applies. Note:- Candidates need apply in only one SSA of his/her choice. Fee:- The Examination fee(Non-refundable) of Rs. 500/-(Rs. Five Hundred Only) is to be sent alongwith the application form in the shape of Crossed Indian Postal Order / Bank Draft drawn in the favour of Account Officer(Cash) O/o Sr.GMTD/GMTD (name of SSA) of the SSA concerned as the case may be. Payable at their Head Quarters and must be purchased / issued after the date of advertisement. Fee remitted by Money Orders, Cheques etc. will not be accepted. No examination fee is required to be paid in respect of SC /PH candidate. Syllabus: The syllabus is available on website www. haryana. bsnl. co. in How to apply:- Typed Application as per format duly filled in b y the candidate in his/her own handwriting should be sent to the AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr.GMTD /GMTD (name of SSA) of the SSA concerned for which the candidate wishes to apply at the address given above, latest by 13-05-2013. Three recent identical passport size photographs ( duly attested by a Gazetted officer) out of which one is to be affixed in the space provided and another should be enclosed with the application. The en velope containing application should be super scribed in bold letters â€Å"Application for Direct Recruitment to the cadre of Telecom Technical Assistants† Two self addressed stamped envelopes size (23Ãâ€"11 cms) (affix a postal stamp of Rs. /- each) should also be enclosed with the application. Note :- 1) No application should be submitted to the office of Chief General Manager Telecom Haryana Circle,Ambala . All such applications are liable to be summarily rejected. (2) Please enclose only photocopies of all the certificates and detailed mark-sheets duly attested by the candidates himself/ herself as well as by a Gazetted Officer in support of age, qualification, caste etc. SC / OBC certificate should be as required for central govt. service. In OBC certificate it should be categorically mentioned that the candidate does not belong to creamy layer.The name in the SC/OBC certificate should perfectly match with that in the matric certificate & other certificates of higher qualifications. The candidate should write his name in the same format as is mentioned in the matric & other certificates. If the same is found to be different, the application will be rejected. For example if SURNAME is not mentioned in the matric certificate, the same should not be in the SC/OBC certificate etc. & also should not be written in the application form. Married female candidates (wherever applicable) should submit SC/OBC certificate issued after their marriage according to the caste of their husband.APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AFTER THIS DATE WILL BE SUMMARILY REJECTED. Rejection : Application received without the required fees, without copies of attested certificates, in complete applications, drafts wrongly addressed, not having qualification strictly according to as given above & application received after due date will be summarily rejected . Abbreviations:- OC = Other Caste ,SC = Scheduled Caste, OBC = Other Backward Classes ,PH = Physical Handicapped, Ex-SM = EX-servicemen. Chief General Manager Telecom Haryana Telecom Circle Ambala-133001 BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED [ A Government of India Enterprise ]APPLICATION FOR EXAMINATION FOR EXAMINATION -2012 IN HARYANA BSNL DIRECT RECRUITMENT OF TELECOM. TECHNICAL ASSISTANT (TTA) Important Notes: (i) Before filling this form, read detailed advertisement carefully. (ii) All entries should be made in capital letters. 1. Name of Recruitment Unit: (SSA) 2. Name (in capital letters) (for S. No. 2 & 3 please keep one box blank between first name, middle name & last name) 3. Father's/Husband's Name (in capital letters) 4. Date of Birth DAY MONTH YEAR 5. Age as on the closing date of receipt of application 13-05-2013 YY 7. Gender [Male/Female] 8. Marital Status MM 9. 6.Whether claiming age relaxation? DD Write: Yes/No CATEGORY Nationality [Married/Unmarried] be longs to SC/ST/OBC/OC/PWD 10 Country By Birth or Domicile 11. Category (write, as applicable) Whether BSNL employee (Yes/No). If yes, mention HRMS No. Whether undergone apprentice training in BSNL successfully (Yes/No) If Physically Disabled (Attach Medical Certificate as in Annexure I) whether LOCOMOTIVE HEARING Impairment or Whether Govt. employee (Yes/No). Whether belongs to Exservicemen /J&K – Please specify Percentage of disability 12. Address for correspondence (in capital letters) Name : Address: City: State: e-mail address:Mobile No. Please affix one recent passport size Photograph without attestation Pin Code : Tele. No(with STD Code) Signature of Candidate 13. Educational Qualification (Diploma in Engg. & above). Name of Engg. University/Institute Diploma/Degree with Discipline As per the Advertisement whether eligible (Yes/No) Please affix one recent passport size Photograph without attestation 14. Permanent Address (in capital letters) Name Month & Year of Passing : Father's/Husband's Name: Address : City : State : Pin Code: 15. Declaration to be given by OBC candidate only, eligible to avail reservation applicable to OBC: I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. on/daughter of Shri †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. resident of village/town/city†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Dis trict†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. State †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. hereby declare that I belong to the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. community which is recognized as a backward class by the Government of India for the purp ose of reservation in services as per orders contained in Department of Personnel and Training Office Memorandum No. 36012/22/93-Estt. (SCT), dated 8. 9. 1993. It is also declared that I do not belong to persons/sections (Creamy Layer) mentioned in column 3 of the Schedule to the above referred Office Memorandum dated 8. 9. 1993 and amended vide OM No. 6033/3/2004-Estt. (Res. ) Dated 14. 10. 2008. DECLARATION TO BE SIGNED BY THE APPLICANT I do hereby declare that all the statements made in the application are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that in t he event of any particular information given above being found false or incorrect, my candidature for the post of Telecom Technical Assistant(TTA) is liable to be rejected or cancelled and in the event of any mis-statement or discrepancy in the particulars being detected after my appointment, my services are liable to be terminated forthwith without any notice to me.I also understand that if appointed, I would rank junior to any TTA who had been appointed earlier by the erstwhile DoT/DTS/DTO or BSNL or any other candidate who had already qualified in the TTA examination but not appointed as TTA by BSNL so far. Similarly, candidates of TTA examination held prior to my appointment will also rank en-bloc senior to me. Place: Date: (Signature of the Applicant) SCEHEME & SYLLABUS FOR TTA DIRECT RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION The standard of paper in General ability test will be such as may be expected of an Engineering Diploma holder.The standard of papers in other subjects will be approximatel y be that of Diploma level of Indian Polytechnic. There shall be single multiple choice objective type Paper of 3 hours duration as per details given below:Paper Part-I :General ability test Part-II :Basic Engineering Part-III :Specialization Marks 20 90 90 Time allowed 3 hours Note:- Minimum qualifying marks for different category of candidates will be as follows: (a) Minimum qualifying marks in the paper will be 40% for the General Category(OC) and 33% for the candidates of SC/ST/OBC/PH categories.The Question paper shall comprise of these parts of 20,90 and 90 each, as prescribed in the scheme and Syllabus. There will be a single paper of 200 marks and each question shall carry one mark. (b) The minimum qualifying marks in each of the thre e parts of Question paper will be 30% for OC and 20% for candidates belonging to OBC/SC/ST categories i. e the minimum passing marks in each of the 3 parts in respect of OBC/SC/ST, it will be 6,27 and 27 respectively whereas in respect of OBC/SC/ST, it will be 4,18 and 18 respectively. c) Further relaxation of 2% in marks will be given to the physically Handicapped candidates in each category viz OC-PH,OBC-PH,SC-PH and ST-PH. (d) There will be negative marking for each wrong one , 25% of mark of that question shall be deducted. PART-I: GENERAL ABILITY TEST- 20 MARKS ` The candidate’s comprehension and understanding of Ge neral English shall be tested through simple exercise such as provision of antonyms and synonyms, fill in the blanks and multiple -choice exercises etc.This shall also include questions on current events, general knowledge and such matters of everyday observation and experience as may be expected of Diploma holder. PART -II: BASIC ENGINEERING- 90 MARKS Detailed Syllabus is as under: 1. Applied Mathematics: Co-ordinate Geometry; Vector Algebras, Matrix and Determinant ; Differential calculus ; Integral calculus, Differential equation of second order; Fourier Series; Laplace Transform; Complex Number; Partial Differentiation. 2. Applied Physics: Measurement-Units and Dimensions; Waves, Acoustics, Ultrasonic; Light; Laser and its Applications; Atomic Structure and Energy Levels. . Basic Electricity: Electrostatics, coulomb’s law, Electric field, Gauss’s theorem, concept of potential difference; concept of capacitance and capacitors; Ohm ‘s law, power energy, Kirchof f’s voltage and current laws and their applications in simple DC circuits; Basic Magnetism; Electro Magnetism; Electromagnetic induction; Concept of alternating voltage & curren t; cells and Batteries ; Voltage and Current Sources; Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem and their applications. 4.Electronic Devices and Circuits: Classification of materials into conductor ,semi conductor, insulator etc. electrical properties, magnetic materials, various types of relays, switches and connectors. Conventional representation of electric and electronic circuit elements. Active and Passive components; semi conductors Physics; Semi Conductor Diode; Bipolar Transistor & their circuits; Transistor Biasing & Stabilization of operating point; Single stage transistor amplifier; field effect transistor, Mosfet circuit applications.Multistage Transistor Amplifier; Transistor Audio Power Amplifiers; Feedback in Amplifier; Sinusoidal Oscillators; tuned Voltage Amplifier; Opto Elec tronics Devices and their applications; Operational Amplifier; wave shaping and switching circuits. Block diagram of I. C timer(such as 555) and its working; Multivibrator circuits; Time base circuits; Thyristors and UJT; Regulated Power Supply. 5.Digital Techniques: Applications and advantages of digital systems; number system(binary and hexadecimal); Logic Gates; Logic Simplification; Codes and Parity; Arithmetic Circuits; Decoders. Display Devices and Associated Circuits; Multiplexers and De-multiplexers; Latches and Flip Flops; Counters; Shift Register; Memories; A/D and D/A converters. PART-III: SPECIALIZATION-90 MARKS Detailed Syllabus is as under: 1.Electrical: 3 phase vs single phase supply, Star Delta Connections, relation between phase & line voltage, power factor and their measurements; construction and principles of working of various types of electrical measuring instruments, all types of motor and generator -AC & DC transformers, starters, rectifiers, invertors, batter y charges, batteries, servo and stepper motors, contactor control circuits, switch gear, relays, protection devices & schemes, substation, protection relaying, circuit breaker, generator protection, transformer protection, feeder & l ightening protection, feeder & bus bar protection, lightening arrestor, earthing, voltage stabilizer & regulators, power control devices & circuits, phase controlled rectifiers, invertors, choppers, dual converters, cyclo converters; power electronics application in control of drivers, refrigeration & air conditioning. 2.Communication: Modulation and demodulations-principles and operation of various types of AM, FM and PM modulators/demodulators; pulse modulation -TDM,PAM,PPM,PWM; Multiplexing, Principles and applications of PCM. Introduction of Basic block diagram of digital and data communication system; coding error detection and correction techniques; Digital Modulation Techniques -ASK,ICW,FSK,SK; Characteristics/working of data transmission circuit s; UART,USART; Modems; Protocols and their functions, brief idea of ISDN interfaces, local area Network; Carrier telephony -Features of carrier telephone system. Microwave Engineering; Microwave Devices; Waveguides; Microwave Components; Microwave antennas; Microwave Communication System-Block diagram & working principles of microwave communication link. 3.Network, Filters and Transmission Lines: Two point network, Attenuator; Filters; Transmission Lines and their applications; characteristic impedance of line; concept of reflection and standing waves on transmission line; Transmission line equation; Principle of impedance matching; Bandwidth consideration of transmission line. 4. Instruments and Measurements: Specification of instruments-accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range. Error in measurement and loading effect; Principles of voltage, current and resistance measurement; Transducers, measurement of displacement & strain, force & torque measuring devices, flow of mea suring devices, power control devices & circuits. Types of AC milli voltmeters-Amplifier rectifier amplifier: Block diagram explanation of a basic CRO and a triggered sweep oscilloscope, front panel controls; Impedance Bridges and Q-Meters.Principles of working and specification of logic probes, signal analyzer and logic analyzer, signal generator, distortion factor meter, spectrum analyzer. 5. Control Systems: Basic elements of control system , open and closed loop system, concepts of feedback. Block diagram of control system, Time lag, hysterisis linearity concepts; Self regulating and non self regulating control systems. Transfer function of simple control components, single feedback configuration. Time response of systems. Stability Analysis; Characteristics equation. Routh’s table, Nyquist Criterion, Relative stability, phase margin and gain margin. Routh Harwitz criterion; Root Locus technique, Bode plot, Po wer plot, gain margin and phase margin. 6. Microprocessors: Ty pical organization of microcomputer system and unctions of its various blocks, Architecture of a Microprocessor; Memories and I/O Interfacing; Brief idea of M/C & assembly languages, Machines and Mnemonic codes; Instructions format and Addressing mode; concept Instruction set; programming exercises in assembly language; concept of interrupt; Data transfer techniques-sync data transfer, async data transfer, interrupt driven data transfer, DMA, serial output data, serial input data. 7. Computer: Computers and its working, types of computers, familiarization with DOS and windowconcept of file, directory, folder, Number Systems; Data Communication. Programming-Elements of a high level programming language, PASCAL, C; use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture, Processor design, control unit design; Memory organization. I/O System Organization. Microprocessor-microprocessor architecture, instruction set and simple assembly level programming. Microprocessor based system design: typical examples.Personal computers and their typical uses, data communication principles, types and working principles of modems, Network principles, OSI model, functions of data link layer and network layer, networking components; communication protocol-x. 25, TCP/IP. Database Management System-basic concepts, entity relationship model, relational model, DBMS based on relational model. Annexure-A NAME & ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTE/HOSPITAL Certificate No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DISABILITY CERTIFICATE Recent Photograph of the candidate showing the disability duly attested by the Chairperson of the Medical Board. This is certified that Shri/Smt/Kum†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ son/wife/daughter of Shri†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ age†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ identification marks(s) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is suffering from permanent disability of following category: A. (i) Locomotors or cerebral palsy : BL – Both legs affected but not arms. ii) OL – One leg affected (right or left) (a) Impaired reach (b) Weakness of grip (c) Ataxic (iii) BH – Stiff back and hips (Cannot sit or stoop) (iv) MW – Muscular weakness and limited physical endurance. B. Blindness or Low Vision: (i) B : Blind (ii) PB: Partially Blind C. Hearing Impairment: (i) D – Deaf (ii) PD – Partially Deaf (Delete the category whichever is not applicable) 2. This condition is progressive/non-progressive/likely to improve/ not likely to improve. Re-assessment of this case is not recommended/ is recommended after a period of _______________ year’s ______ _____ months*. 3. Percentage of disability in his/her case is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ percent. 4. Sh. /Smt. /Kum. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. eets the following physical requirements for discharge of his/her duties:(i) F-can perform work by manipulating with fingers. Yes/No (ii) PP-can perform work by pulling and pushing. Yes/No (iii) L-can perform work by lifting. Yes/No (iv) KC-can perform work by kneeling and crouching. Yes/No (v) B-can perform work by bending. Yes/No (vi) S-can perform work by sitting. Yes/No (vii) ST-can perform work by standing. Yes/No (viii) W-can perform work by walking. Yes/No (ix) SE-can perform work by seeing. Yes/No (x) H-can perform work by hearing/speaking. Yes/No (xi) RW-can perform work by reading and writing. Yes/No (Dr. ___________________) Member Medical Board (Dr. _____________________) (Dr. ___________________) Member Chairperson Medical Board Medical Board Countersigned by the Medical superintend ent/CMO/Head of Hospital (with seal) *Strike out which is not applicable. BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED [ A Government of India Enterprise ] Office of Sr. GMTD/GMTD___________ Form for reimbursement of Travelling Allowance in respect of SC candidates for attending written test exam for the post of Telecom Technical Assistant (TTA)-2012 at _______________________________________Centre. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Name of Applicant Roll Number Community (Attested photocopy of the certificate enclosed) Residential Address As given in Application form) Address from where journey has been performed Whether employed or not If employed, whether in Centre/State Govt. or Central /State Govt. Corporation, Public Sector Undertaking, Private Sector etc. : : : : : : : : : 8. Details of Journey and Rail/Bus fare etc. : Date of From To Mode of Class of Travel Journey Journey Bus/Rail Distance Travelled (one side) Ticket number Fare (In Rs. ) CERTIFIED THAT a) I am unemployed and as certificate of Unemploy ment issued by MP/MLA or a Gazetted Office of the place where I normally reside is enclosed. b) I have not claimed/will not claim T. A. for this journey from any other source. ) I have actually travelled by the shortest route and by the class/mode for which I have preferred the claim. d) I do hereby declare that all the statements made in the application are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that in the event of any particular information given above found fake or incorrect, necessary action as deemed fit may be taken by BSNL. Dated: Signature of Applicant Note: 1. Candidate will have to submit original ticket for inward journey. The payment will be made by BSNL through cheque. For use of BSNL Verified by Admissible Amount Rs. ______________________ (Signature Designated Officer of BSNL) Signature of DDO

Mcminn 4mat

Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Sondra Rule Liberty University Summary The author of this book Mark McMinn explains how psychology, theology, and spirituality can all be integrated into Christian counseling. He discusses the difference between the three overlapping principles. He wrote this book especially for Christian counselors, pastors, as well as students so that they may clearly understand the meaning of the three principles, allowing them to apply it to everyday problems.The main question this book poses to answer is, How does a Christian counselor integrate their faith into a counseling session in a way that can be beneficial to their clients. He discusses the problems that counselors and clients face in a counseling session and ways to improve them. Some of the ways he mentioned to improve counseling sessions were prayer, scripture, the effects of sin confession, forgiveness, and redemption. This book main purpose is to assist the counselor in integrating the three categories. He feels that if a counselor can master this, then they will be able to give their clients the very best services.The most important thing to realize is that this process will not be easy for the counselor or the client but, if done right it can be very rewarding for them both. The author starts the book by describing some of the challenges that Christian counselors encounter while trying to integrate psychology and spirituality. He explains how spirituality is different from psychology and theology by breaking it down into a simple statement, â€Å"We can become more or less competent in the spiritual disciplines, training ourselves to experience God more fully, but we can never be spiritually competent. (McMinn 2011, p. 11). He goes on to describe psychology, theology, and spirituality, how they are similar and different. His explanations are put in a way that is easy to understand, he also gives examples of how they can be applied to real life s ituations. He talks about the importance of scripture and how it can be very beneficial in a counseling session. However he does stress that clients can only be truly changed by scripture if they can carry it on outside their sessions, and make it apart of real life. Even hough it can be helpful to some it is not something that can be used with every client, it is up to the therapist to know what is best for every client. He also talks about the power of prayer. He discusses the different types of prayers and also the different situations in which each prayer is to be used. He also lets us know that prayer may not be for every client so it may not be the right technique to use in some those therapy sessions. McMinn (2011), goes on to discuss sin and the importance of looking at in with a theological perspective.If the counselor is able to get the client to really understand their sin, they can then get to a point of forgiveness. The therapist can help the client get in the best posi tion possible to accomplish forgiveness, but it is up to the client to actually forgive themselves for their sins. The author also discusses the subject of redemption and how it can be established in different therapy models; such as object relations, cognitive, and Adlerian. This was a interesting and informative book.This book was wrote to help Christians integrate spirituality into a counseling session, and to let counselors know that they can't just act one way in the office, they have to carry their spirituality outside their sessions. It is just as important for the client to know that the counselor is behaving the same way outside the office as they do when they are around. He also discussed how some counselors would like to help clients through the use of Christ, but they don't know how. The author shows how to help clients by using examples of everyday life situations.This book is a good way to help Christians add to their knowledge about Christ because their are times when we become stagnant in our growth with Christ. He includes practices for every Christian, the client, as well as the patients and the benefits for each one. McMinn 2011, lets us know that spirituality and psychology have to be used together in order for us to have a accurate sense of self, accurate awareness of need, and healing relationships. Concrete Responses After reading this book , I mostly thought about how I first integrated my faith with my personal relationships.I have been Christian for a couple of years now, but every person I get close to or friend I have are not all Christian. Therefore, I had to learn how to not let their habits influence me with what I do and say. I have friends that smoke, get drunk, curse, and many other things that I find not to be Christian behavior. These were once things that I also had taken part in, so continuing our friendship and letting go of bad habits was a struggle for me. Integrating my new life with my old life was changeling because I was always told that your are the company that you keep.I had to make sure I didn’t get myself into situations that could hurt me in the long run. I was set on continuing the friendship I had and remaining a Christian as well. I can remember the first time my faith was tested. It was around five months after I changed my life around. I was invited to go out to the movies and out to eat with a big group of friends. Being that it was only a dinner and a movie, I assumed it would be okay. The night started off really well, we went to see a really great movie and we all were having a good time.Following the movie, we went out o eat, everyone ordered alcohol to drink including myself. I do drink occasionally but it is never something heavy and never more than one small glass. After ordering our drinks and food, I began to feel pressured by them because they were getting drunk and they wanted me to get drunk as well. I told them that I am not the same person I use to be, I will n ot let the devil control my life. After eating they wanted to take the party to the next level and start smoking. When I realized what was about to happen, I decided to remove myself from the equation before something happens I will regret.That experience taught me that I can still have my friends but we can’t hangout as much as we use too. It may be challenging but integrating my faith with my personal life can be done just as well as psychology, theology, and spirituality can be integrated into counseling. Reflection This was a very well written book. It answers the question â€Å"How can a counselor integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into their counseling sessions. The author discusses the importance of integrating spirituality into counseling, and steps to take in order to ensure its success.The author also stressed the value of prayer in and out a counseling session and how to introduce it as a part of the session to the client. This book brings up questio ns such as, How can psychology, theology, and spirituality truly be integrated into counseling sessions with non Christian counselors and Christian clients. If spirituality is what is best for the client, how does a non Christian counselor help them without recommending a more qualified counselor. there is also the question of not confronting the sin.It would always be more helpful for a sin to be confronted so that the client knows that what they are doing is wrong and they should then be counseled in moving on from this sin and taking the necessary steps to ensure that sin is excluded from their lives. Others than that, this book was a very positive book. Learning how to help others with prayer, scriptures, psychology, theology is very rewarding. Knowing the steps to take in order to ensure as successful counseling session is also something that this book discussed, which is very helpful for therapist. ActionAfter reading this book, and learning how to better integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into counseling; it has been easier to help those in need such as a friend, family member, or client. NO when a person is in need of guidance or assistance with a problem, their will be a set of tools set aside that ensures they are helped in the best way possible. Encouraging the client to include spirituality into their counseling session can be tough at times, especially if they are not Christian but by using the tools taught in this book, it can be achieved.Changes concerning counseling and helping those in need of guidance has become a lot better. Before this book, integrating Christianity into counseling was a challenge. However through gaining a better understanding of psychology, theology, and spirituality, it was made clearer how to integrate the three into a counseling session that could be beneficial to every client if used correctly. This book shows how important it is to have a spiritual aspect in a counseling session.How it can be so helpful in helping a client if this is what they want. And how it can totally change a person’s life. Having a good relationship with God is all we need in order to make it day to day. Whatever problems we have can be brought to Jesus because he is the healer o all problems. Having a good counselor who can introduce or help grow you knowledge concerning Jesus is a good step in the right direction. Reference McMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. Tyndale house Publishers.